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Jim Jarmusch
James Roberto "Jim" Jarmusch (;〔 born January 22, 1953) is an American independent film director, screenwriter, actor, producer, editor and composer.〔 Jarmusch has been a major proponent of independent cinema since the 1980s.〔 One of his films, ''Stranger Than Paradise'' (1984), has been added to the National Film Registry.
==Early life==
Jarmusch was born to a family of middle-class suburbanites in Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio in 1953.〔〔〔 His mother, of Irish and German descent, had been a reviewer of film and theatre for the ''Akron Beacon Journal'' before marrying his father, a businessman of Czech and German descent who worked for the B.F. Goodrich Company.〔〔〔 She introduced the future director, the middle of three children,〔 to the world of cinema by leaving him at a local cinema to watch matinee double features such as ''Attack of the Crab Monsters'' and ''Creature From the Black Lagoon'' while she ran errands.〔〔 The first adult film he recalls having seen was the 1958 cult classic ''Thunder Road'' (starring Robert Mitchum) the violence and darkness of which left an impression on the seven-year-old Jarmusch.〔 Another B-movie influence from his childhood was ''Ghoulardi'', an eccentric Cleveland television show which featured horror films.〔
Despite his enthusiasm for film, Jarmusch, an avid reader in his youth,〔 had a greater interest in literature, a pursuit in which he was encouraged by his grandmother.〔 Though he refused to attend church with his Episcopalian parents (not being enthused by "the idea of sitting in a stuffy room wearing a little tie"), Jarmusch credits literature with shaping his metaphysical beliefs and leading him to reconsider theology in his mid-teens.〔 From his peers he developed a taste for counterculture: he and his friends would steal the records and books of their older siblings – William Burroughs, Jack Kerouac, The Mothers of Invention.〔〔 They made fake identity documents which allowed them to visit bars at the weekend but also the local art house cinema – which though it typically showed pornographic films would on occasion feature underground films such as Robert Downey, Sr.'s ''Putney Swope'' and Andy Warhol's ''Chelsea Girls''.〔〔 At one point, he took an apprenticeship with a commercial photographer.〔 "Growing up in Ohio", he would later remark, "was just planning to get out".〔
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